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08
2024.11
Causation In Physics
  • Nov 08, 2024

Norton’s demand that any causal principle needs to be a universal principle may be on a stronger footing within the metaphysical project and in fact Norton himself calls his argument "the fundamentalist’s dilemma": If a metaphysical account of causation is committed to the principle "same cause-same effect" or even just to a probabilistic version of this principle, then the existence of genuine indeterminism in physics of the kind discussed by Norton would pose a serious threat to that account. Even though Humeans deny that modal properties, including causal properties, are part of the world’s fundamental ontology, they may allow for the existence of non-fundamental causal facts that are reducible to fundamental physical properties. If the truth-makers of causal claims are either physical features or supervene on such features, then the metaphysical account is compatible with the thesis of the completeness of the physical. The aim of the metaphysical project is to uncover the metaphysical grounds or truth-makers for causal claims.



For any metaphysical account compatible with physics the question arises, what the truth-makers of causal claims are or what grounds these claims. Some authors take the asymmetry between prevailing initial and final conditions to be metaphysically primary and maintain that it is this asymmetry which grounds our ability to reason causally. This view suggests a weaker version of the time-asymmetry argument, 6 hole billiard table price which points to the time-reversal invariance of the laws to conclude that causal relations cannot be grounded in the laws but only in a de facto asymmetry between prevailing initial and final conditions. This contrast is offered as a reason for why causal relations cannot be a part of physical theorizing. Humean accounts deny the existence of fundamental modalities and maintain that fundamentally the universe is composed of a distribution of categorical properties and relations instantiated by localized entities-what David Lewis called the "Humean mosaic" (Lewis 1973; Loewer 2012). On the Humean view, all true modal claims, including causal claims, are grounded in non-modal features of the mosaic. Mr Tudor’s first wife was Mrs Mary Tudor nee Lewis from Maesteg who sadly died in 1909, they had a son Herbert Tudor who was sadly killed in the Great War.



His wife was Mrs Ethel Rose Rait Smith nee Sarjeant, they were married in 1901 and they had two children, Donald William Rait Smith and Brian Rait Smith. Mr William Rait Smith 1876-1958, was born in Shanghai, China and classed as a British subject through parentage. At the time of Mr William Rait Smith’s death he was living at Hurstleigh Park Road, Redhill, Surrey. While living in Abertillery the family resided at 86 Gladstone Street. Abertillery Liberal Club, from the members as a token of goodwill and appreciation". The new Liberal & Labour Club had an assembly room on the upper floor, the club was and always had been a men only private club but after 1911 there were a lot of "Women’s Associations" holding meetings in its assembly rooms. The Liberal and Labour Club Name Variations. I am not quite sure when or why the name Liberal and Labour Club was dropped for the name Liberal Club as various early newspaper reporters used different variations of the name in their articles, The name Liberal was mostly used after the rebuilding and also the name Central Club and Institute was adopted, with both "Central Club" and "Lib" being used up until the time of its closure.



He was active in Abertillery in the early 1900’s and as mentioned Mr Rait Smith was the architect who designed the new Liberal Club. Afterwards the members retired to the billiard room where the President, Mr A. Frowen presided at the social, Mr Tom Jones sang a song with the verses contained references to the Liberal Club and the lives of the members. Mr A. Hyde (Vice President) presided and Mr H. Jones (Secretary) presented the statement of accounts. Mr F. Athay proposed a toast to the club and reminisced about the days at the old club and Mr H. Jones the secretary gave a financial account. At this point, Mr R. J. Ayres, on behalf of the members of the club, presented a gold English lever watch and chain to Mr Jones the secretary and stated they were indebted to his work at the club and that they hoped he would long continue to be in charge of the clubs affairs.

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